Christensenia has creeping, dorsiventral rhizomes, and palmately arranged blades (Rolleri 1993). Maarten Christenhusz. Roskov Y. TF performed the cytological experiments, HS, YY and PK analyzed the data, and all authors approved the final manuscript. Biol Conserv 223:129137, Iwatsuki K, Kato M (1980) Enumeration of Kalimantan pteridophytes collected during 197879 (1). var asdkj= unescape("%40%0A"); This early fern family is one of the oldest extant lineages of vascular plants that have changed little over periods of millions of years. Two cytotypes (diploid, n = 40, and tetraploid, n = 80) are known, and their distribution would be of interest (Camus 1990). Philippines, Chen, C.-W. & al. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions http://tolweb.org/Christensenia_aesculifolia/56838/2009.01.23 Springer, Berlin, pp 127134, Hughes AC (2018) Have Indo-Malaysian forests reached the end of the road? Evolutionary History and Taxnomy of Neotropical Marattioid Ferns: Studies of an ancient lineage of plants. Unless otherwise noted, text and images are licenced: CC BY 4.0, Cite taxon page as 'WFO (2023): Christensenia aesculifolia(Blume) Maxon. Christensenia aesculifolia (Blume) Maxon, Proc. Christensenia aesculifolia. : synonym: Christensenia aesculifolia subsp. Genus. Towards the conservation of the Mesozoic relict fern Christensenia: a Brittonia 53:173235, Cupitt D, Bhatoa P, Ashwath N (2001) In vitro propagation of Angiopteris evecta using spores. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Firstly, we documented the cytology of the Chinese occurrences for the first time. Christensenia aesculifolia - Tree of Life Web Project Bismarck Archipelago, Sumatera, The synangia are radially arranged, a unique character among extant species, but quite common in fossil representatives of the order. Here, we explored different biological aspects to enable protection of these rare ferns, well known as Mesozoic living fossils. Let us know what you think via the link at the bottom of the app switcher. More info on this page. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-019-01131-9, access via http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001117730. plants from spores. Mammides, Christos Bioinformatics 20:32523255, Yang JB, Li DZ, Li HT (2014) Highly effective sequencing whole chloroplast genomes of angiosperms by nine novel universal primer pairs. The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Authored by The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. Vriese, W. H. de, and Harting, P. (1853). document.write(x4); Ching in Fl. Christensenia aesculifolia (Blume) Maxon - World Flora Online Tree of Life design and icons copyright 1995-2004 Page charges are encouraged but not mandatory. Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. group of plants. Rhizomes creeping (to suberect), short, fleshy, scaly; scales brown with red spots, large, rounded. Were trialling a new app switcher feature to help our users move between our science apps. & al. The korthalsii (de Vriese) Rolleri: synonym: Christensenia assamica (Griff.) Bot J Linn Soc 140:169173, He ZR, Christenhusz MJM (2013) Marattiaceae. If you have any ferns that you want identified, please send them to me! The leaves are thick and leathery and, unlike the other Marattiales, have a reticulate venation. The reticulate venation, on the other hand, is often considered to be a more derived character, and it has therefore been placed in a family of its own, the Christenseniaceae (Ching 1940). Based on an estimate of 337 genera worldwide. Dehra Dun : BSMPS. Statistics . Marattiac. Javae 2: 143 (1828), not validly publ. (eds.) The presence of a radial synangium is an archaic character, very similar to some of the fossil Asterothecaceae/Psaroniaceae, such as Scolecopteris. How- ever, detailed SEM study reveals differences in spore shape, size, and exospore characters, such Sumatera, Christensenia Plate 1 Christensenia aesculifolia, showing (a) its natural habitat, (b) habitat destruction, (c) bud, (d) destruction of individual plants, and (e) and (f) plants cut down by farmers, showing spores. For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Christensenia aesculifolia . Int J Mol Sci 19:3554, PubMed Central Working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. group of plants. Christensenia, with one or two variable species (C. aesculifolia and perhaps C. lobbiana), is confined to tropical forest clearings in the Indo-Malaysian region (Assam, Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines, Solomon Islands). Amoroso VB, Amoroso CB, Critic FP (2012) Diversity and status of plants in three mountain ecosystems in southern Mindanao, Philippines. J Plant Res 132, 601616 (2019). Javae 2: 143 (1828), not validly publ. Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Volume 3. J Syst Evol 54:666678, Pryer KM, Schuettpelz E, Wolf PG, Schneider H, Smith AR, Cranfill R (2004) Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (Monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences. Google Scholar, Guindon S, Gascule O (2003) A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Biodivers Conserv 22:803809, Maddison WP, Maddison DR (2019) Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. times a year. Springer, Berlin, pp 174180, Chen CW, Perrie L, Glenny D, Chiou WL (2017) SOL amazing lycophytes and ferns of the Solomon Islands. By comparing the chloroplast genome with other marattioids, we identified several candidate regions to develop highly variable markers to investigate the intra-species diversity of marattioid ferns. Reist Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental 17:2527, Mitsuta S (1984) List of West Sumatran ferns and fern allies collected by Dr. M. Hotta and others during 198083. Vietnam, Names, synonyms, distribution, images and descriptions of all the plants in the world, Nomenclatural data for the scientific names of vascular plants, A comprehensive evolutionary tree of life for flowering plants, A global database of names used for herbal drugs, products and medicinal plants, Genome size (C-value) data for >12,000 plant and algal species, Discover more about critical sites for plant diversity in the tropics. var x0 = unescape('%6d%2e%63%68%72%69%73%74%65%6e%68%75%73%7a'); Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. Fern J. De Vriese and Harting (1853) recognized four species of Kaulfussia, K. aesculifolia Blume (Java and the Philippines), K. assamica Griff. The genus is confined to the Indo-Malayan region. korthalsii Taxonavigation [ edit] Taxonavigation: Marattiales Familia: Marattiaceae Genus: Christensenia Species: Christensenia aesculifolia document.write(x0 + asdkj + x1 + dkfhsd + x2 + dkfhsd + x3 + unescape("%22%3E%0A")); Accessed 2021-07-31, https://www.dnp.go.th/botany/eflora/aboutus.html, http://worldfloraonline.org/organisation/Asteraceae, http://www.worldfloraonline.org/organisation/Marattiaceae, http://www.worldfloraonline.org/organisation/Polypodiaceae, http://www.worldfloraonline.org/organisation/WFO, NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information, BOLD Systems - Barcode of Life Data Systems, GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility, IPNI - urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17236810-1, http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/ record/tro-26612648. Bot St 48:205213, Christenhusz MJM (2010) Danaea (Marattiaceae) revisited: biodiversity, a new classification and ten new species of a neotropical fern genus. This page is a The most urgent conservation requirement for this . Learn to care for and grow Christensenia aesculifolia. Secondly, we obtained the first complete plastid genome of this genus, which confirmed the proposed conservatism of the plastid genome structure in marattioid ferns. Jawa, Christensenia. Rescuing Christensenia aesculifolia (Marattiaceae), a plant species Circular plot of the complete chloroplast genome of Christensenia aesculifolia Source publication Towards the conservation of the Mesozoic relict fern Christensenia: a fern species with. Pl. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. Species. American Fern Journal 57, no. Cai, Lei In general deforestation is the main cause of the destruction of natural vegetation in Yunnan, with trees felled to support social and economic development and for the planting of banana and rubber trees. In: Kubitzki K (ed) The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. Index Seminum (L, Lugduni-Batavorum) 1851: 6 (1851), W.H.de Vriese & P.Harting, Monogr. The group also publishes at irregular Rhizome short, fleshy bearing a few fronds at apex. The rare and threatened fern Christensenia aesculifolia of South-east Asia is listed in China as a second-ranked plant for national protection and is also categorized as one of 62 plant species with extremely small populations by the Yunnan provincial government. Christensenia aesculifolia (Blume) Maxon | Plants of the World Online Malayan Forest Records 48: 1-307. Mol Phylogenetics Evol 46:3448, CAS In March 2010 it was identified as one of 62 plant species with extremely small populations in Yunnan because of its small remaining population, restricted habitat, a high degree of disturbance from people, and a high risk of extinction (Ma et al., Reference Ma, Chen, Grumbine, Dao, Sun and Guo2013; Sun, Reference Sun2013; Wang et al., Reference Wang, Ma, Chen, Li, Dao and Sun2016; Diniz et al., Reference Diniz, Goncalves and Brito2017). In a similar manner, habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to other plant species in China that have extremely small populations (Ren et al., Reference Ren, Zhang, Lu, Liu, Guo and Wang2012, Reference Ren, Jian, Chen, Liu, Zhang and Liu2014; Chen et al., Reference Chen, Yang, Yang, Li, Long and Luo2014; Li et al., Reference Li, Zhang and Zhang2014; Volis, Reference Volis2016). New Phytol 209:17471756. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Christensenia aesculifolia (Blume) Maxon is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Christensenia (family Marattiaceae ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.By . The record derives from Tropicos Amer. First published in Proc. Subscription is a benefit for Journal and Lifetime members of the American Fern Society. Bioinformatics 28:16471649, Kuo LY, Hunag YJ, Chang JY, Chiou WL, Huang YM (2017) Evaluating the spore genome size of ferns and lycophytes: a flow cytometric approach. PubMed Surveys in October 2014 (for 8 days by six people), August 2015 (3 days by five people), September 2016 (5 days by four people) and April and November 2017 (6 days by four people) led by LC in Lvchun, Jinping and Hekou Counties, Honghe Prefecture, and in November 2015 (5 days by six people) and August 2017 (6 days by seven people) led by ZD in Malipo and Maguan Counties, Wenshan Prefecture, found only one locality, with 10 individual plants, in an area of c. 500 m2 in a karst rainforest in Hekou County (Fig. Pl. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, Sun WB, Ma YP, Blackmore S (2019) How a new conservation action concept has accelerated plant conservation in China. Myanmar, Render date: 2023-07-05T01:14:37.128Z Location in Taxonomic Tree . 20 cm) to very large (up to at least 6 m). The Chinese occurrences of the marattioid fern genus Christensenia have been considered as requiring protection because of its extreme rarity and very small population size. Singh, S.K. } Singapore Government Printing Office, Singapore, Hsieh TH, Chang YH, Chiou WL, Huang YM (2008) Chromosome numbers of five species of the Marattiaceae in Taiwan. Synangia radially arranged, circular, made up of 8-12 sporangia. The area in which the extant population of C. aesculifolia occurs in Hekou is being used by farmers for planting Amomum villosum Lour. Photosynthetic and Respiratory Characteristics of Malayan Sun and Shade Evidence for coinciding genome stability and limited evolvability in the royal ferns. Christensenia aesculifolia Posted by Michael Sundue| Ferns| 0 My first Christensenia! Christensenia Marattiaceae - 18 images at PhytoImages.siu.edu. I was delighted to find this plant after a long slog of field work surveying East New Britain. studying these plants in the wild. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. (2017). Eusporangiate and some lower leptosporangiate ferns. Washington 18. PDF Revision of the Genus Christensenia - UNLP Rescuing Christensenia aesculifolia (Marattiaceae), a plant species with an extremely small population in China Lei Cai, . to Society members at nominal cost or by exchange, for those who wish to grow of its more than 1000 members are amateurs interested in growing ferns or in Sulawesi, Marattiaceae. The Society's annual meetings usually are held in conjunction Plantae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA., 2013. However, most pteridologists (fern specialists) Mol Ecol Res 14:10241031, Zhu AD, Guo WH, Gupta S, Fan WH, Mower JP (2016) Evolutionary dynamics of the plastid inverted repeat: the effects of expansion, contraction, and loss on substitution rates. Christenhusz, M. J. M. (2007). Ching, Abacopteris multilineata (Wall.) Biol. 2: 65 (1959) Christensenia cumingiana Christ in Philipp. Circular plot of the complete chloroplast genome of Christensenia Google Scholar, Guindon S, Dufaryard JF, Left V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascule O (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Here is what I came away with. China South-Central, Yang, Fengmao PLoS One 11:e0159668, Wade EM, Nadarajan J, Yang XY, Ballesteros D, Sun WB, Pritchard HW (2016) Plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP) in China: a seed and spore biology perspective. Am J Bot 95:626641, Ogura-Tsujita Y, Sakoda A, Ebihara A, Yukawa T, Imaichi R (2012) Arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in cordate gametophytes of two ferns, Angiopteris lygodiifolia and Osmunda japonica. Because of its extreme rarity and very small population size, the Chinese occurrences of Christensenia have been considered as requiring protection. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Vi levererar vxter till bde privatpersoner, fretag och kommuner. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 235:610, Vijay V, Pimm SL, Jenkins CN, Smith SJ (2016) The impacts of oil palm on recent deforestation and biodiversity loss. To this end, it publishes a newsletter, Fiddlehead Forum five Those interested in submitting manuscripts need not be members of the American Fern Society. Reipubl. Christensenia aesculifolia. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. Request Permissions. 3. The record derives from Tropicos (data supplied on 2012-04-18 ) which reports it as an accepted name (record 26612648 ) with original publication details: Proc. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Hoffm. Although this species is widely distributed, the number of populations is low. (eds.) Wild Dog Camp - former site of SINIVIT Wild Dog Mine. Bangladesh, Structure of the Tree of Life page. Additionally, we plan to erect appropriate advisory signs and a plaque explaining conservation goals for C. aesculifolia, construct fencing, and hire specialized staff. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Sun, Weibang Christensenia (plant) - Wikipedia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. Phytotaxa 142:3745, Testo W, Sundue M (2016) A 4000-species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns. Christensenia aesculifolia is a species of tropical fern found throughout southeast Asia. 737-755. The principal objective of the Society is to foster scholarly interest in this studying these plants in the wild. First published in Proc. Soc. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and aesculifolia det. The rhizome is stipulate, creeping and usually underground, bearing two rows of fronds, which are otherwise only found in Danaea and "Archangiopteris". J Plant Res 126:4150, PPG1 (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Ceiba aesculifolia subsp. 240 (1905). & Cheah, Y.H. All rights reserved. Malaya, & al. Version 23 January 2009 (under construction). Marattiac. (eds.). Acta Phytotax Geobot 35:7583, Murdock AG (2008a) A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. 239-240. & al. Page: Tree of Life Spore Morphology and Systematics of the Genus Christensenia - JSTOR In November 2017 we collected mature spores and several young shoots from living wild plants for breeding and cultivation at Kunming Botanical Garden; germination trials are ongoing. Biol. In October 2014 and November 2016 we collected spores of C. aesculifolia for preliminary germination experiments, but these failed, perhaps because the spores were collected from plants already cut down by farmers. Bismarck Archipelago, Plants up to 80 cm tall. 83, pp. For now weve just listed some of our more popular apps, but soon we hope to show more and roll it out across all our science websites. Gardening for the Million. The majority Roskov Y. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Unfortunately in my exhaustion I failed to get great images of the synangia. The group also publishes at irregular Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0. American Fern Journal Christensenia aesculifolia ( Blume) Maxon ( type species ) Christensenia aesculifolia var. Murdock, Andrew G., 2008: A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana. Also at: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Contact us about this record. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the J Jpn Bot 68:7376, Takeuchi W (2013) Fern distribution records in Christensenia (Marattiaceae), Dipteris (Dipteridaceae), and Rheopteris (Pteridaceae) from the upper Sepik of Papua New Guinea. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Its leaves resemble horse chestnuts. Public education, especially of local residents, is a crucial element of any conservation strategy for plant species with extremely small populations. Thailand, intervals a memoir series, Pteridologia, which includes longer scholarly works. has been published quarterly since 1910. The American Fern Journal, a quarterly, international, scholarly journal that includes research papers on all aspects relating to ferns and related plants, has been published since 1910. Ching document.write(unescape("%3C%2F%61%3E%0A")); Page copyright 2009 Maarten Christenhusz. Oryx: Volume 53 - Issue 3 | Cambridge Core Christensenia aesculifolia has the largest synangia on the back of the leaves of any fern; this is one of its distinguishing features. An ex situ collection of C. aesculifolia at Kunming Botanical Garden was introduced from Hekou County in 2014, but is not thriving. We have worked with the local government and farmers, who have now halted farming activities in this area, and we are also carrying out regular patrols to protect the remaining plants. Semillas en venta a partir de 7.20. Soc. Arnz, Leiden & Dusseldorf. A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana. Am J Bot 105:13041314, Schneider H, Schuettpelz E, Pryer KM, Cranfill R, Magallon S, Lupia R (2004) Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms. Further field surveys and research are also required for an improved understanding of the species status. Christensenia aesculifolia subsp. Maxon (Marattiaceae) (with the synonyms Aspidium aesculifolium, Christensenia assamica, Christensenia lobbiana, Kaulfussia aesculifolia, Kaulfussia assamica, Kaulfussia korthalsii and Kaulfussia lobbiana), which is found throughout limestone areas of South-east Asia (Rolleri, Reference Rolleri1993; He & Christenhusz, Reference He, Christenhusz, Wu and Raven2013). and numerous other professional botanists also find membership in the Society Christensenia - 18 images at PhytoImages.siu.edu images, phylogeny Plant Divers 38:209220, Walker TG (1979) A further chromosome count for Christensenia (Marratialies). However, the population is in a valley, at the edge of an A. villosum field, and thus has not been completely removed by farmers (Plate 1), who clean away weeds (including C. aesculifolia) around the A. villosum field. in the genus Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it. and numerous other professional botanists also find membership in the Society J Syst Evol 54:307335, Lohse M, Drechsle O, Kahlau S, Bock R (2013) OrganellarGenomeDRAWa suite of tools for generating physical maps of plastid and mitochondrial genomes and visualizing expression data sets. Google Scholar, Dauby G, Stevart T, Droissart V, Coxiaux A, Deblauwe V, Simo-Droissat M, Sosef MSM, Lowry PP II, Schatz GE, Gereau RE, Couvreur TL (2017) ConR: an r package to assist large-scale multispecies preliminary conservation assessments using distribution data. korthalsii (de Vriese) Rolleri in Amer. Christensenia aesculifolia is a morphological distinct but locally rare fern. Christensenia is a genus of ferns in the botanical family Marattiaceae. (2022). Published online by Cambridge University Press: MONICA RODRfGUEZ Laboratorio de Estudios de Anatomia Vegetal Evolutiva y Sistematica, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina ABSTRACT.-The spores of Christensenia are monolete, echinate, and superficially similar. Ecol Evol 7:1129211303, Dolezel J, Cizkova J, Simkova H, Bartos J (2018) On major challenge of sequencing large plant genomes is to know how big they really are. East Himalaya, Enum. reports it as an accepted Subscription agents may secure information at the Society's web site http://amerfernsoc.org. Christensenia is unique in the Marattiaceae, because of its reticulate venation, palmately arranged leaves and radial synangia. with the Botanical Society of America's annual conference. (Description franaise non disponible) A dry deciduous, spreading small tree with a slightly swollen, spiny trunk, palmate leaves and cream colored flowers. All Rights Reserved. Slamet with three species new records for Java. to Society members at nominal cost or by exchange, for those who wish to grow Kaulfussia aesculifolia Blume - Plants of the World Online Mol Phylogenetics Evol 127:961977, Rice A, Glick L, Abadi S, Einhorn M, Kopelman NM, Salman-Minkov A, Mayzel J, Chay O, Mayrose I (2014) The chromosome counts database (CCDB) - a community resource of plant chromosome numbers. IPNI Life Sciences Identifier (LSID) urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17236810-1 Publication Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Collation 18: 240 Date of Publication Subscriptions for libraries and other institutions are available for $35 for addresses in North America and $45 for addresses elsewhere. has been published quarterly since 1910. On moist sandy slopes near streams in dense moist evergreen forest at about 800 m alt. Kaulfussia aesculifolia Blume in Enum. Acta Phytotax Geobot 23:110116, Takamiya M (1993) Chromosome numbers of Woodsia kitadakensis and W. subcordata (Woodsiaceae). Biol. This is the second tetraploid record of Christensenia worth for further studies to confirm its taxonomic status. In 2013 C. aesculifolia was categorized nationally as Critically Endangered on the China Biodiversity Red List (on the basis of criteria Blab(i,ii)+2a(i,ii), C2a(i)), and in 2017 it was included in the Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants because of the extremely low numbers of individuals in China (Qin et al., Reference Qin, Yang, Dong, He, Jia and Zhao2017). for this article. Ver. Maarten Christenhusz Taxon 57:737755, Murdock AG (2008b) Phylogeny of marattioid ferns (Marattiaceae): inferring a root in the absence of a closely related outgroup. 10, pp. Revision of the genus, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 12:45. This research complied with the Oryx Code of Conduct. Pg. Location of the extant population in Hekou County and of the lost population in Jingping County. (family Marattiaceae). Pl. Camus, J. M. (1990). Dehra Dun : BSMPS. Assam, Its leaves resemble horse chestnuts . major distinction between a leaf and a branch of This assessment confirmed the need to obtain more accurate information about the distribution of this genus to assess the status incorporating the disjunct distribution from southern China and India in the North towards the Solomon Islands in the South. Those interested in submitting manuscripts need not be members of the American Fern Society. Based on an estimate of 11,916 species worldwide. Your email address will not be published. The Fern Gazette 21: 292-419. For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the & al. Solomon Is., (2018). Christensenia aesculifolia Maxon, Proc. Characteristics Christensenia has creeping, dorsiventral rhizomes, and palmately arranged blades (Rolleri 1993). (2008). Fit to Window Naked Image - Image of Marattiaceae Christensenia aesculifolia TERMS OF USE IMAGES VIEWED AT FULL SIZE: 25269513 () 43. Christensenia aesculifolia (Marattiaceae) image 60286 at PhytoImages Policies. Soc. Hostname: page-component-7ff947fb49-pwt9n Callado 29-Jan-13 LINK TO THIS IMAGE: Image at PhytoImages.siu.edu: . PHILIPPINES: Luzon:: Isabela prov. Liu, H., Schneider, H., Yu, Y. et al. Marattiaceae - Tree of Life Web Project Taxon 57, 737-755. Perenne rizomatosa con piccoli fiori a stella, in pannocchie coniche, color bianco. Published on the Internet;http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001117730.
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