Fr die Heinkel-Werke wurde eines der grten Auenlager des KZ Sachsenhausen angelegt. [71] As the Luftwaffe was now on the strategic defensive, bomber production and that of the He 111 was suspended. Maico| Im Frhjahr 1934 konnte mit dem Neubau auf dem Gelnde in Rostock-Marienehe begonnen werden. Fiberfab| In 19341935, 3,800,000 RM (4% of annual turnover) was spent. By contrast, the only heavy bomber to enter service with the Luftwaffe during the war years the Heinkel He 177 Greif turned out to be one of the most troublesome German wartime aircraft designs, plagued with numerous engine fires from both its inadequate engine nacelle design and its general airframe design being mis-tasked. HE 6 AFM| In production terms, the He 111 was more prominent with 8,000 examples produced[10] against just 846 Ju 86s,[7] and was therefore the Luftwaffe's most numerous type at the beginning of the Second World War. Auto Union| The Turks also ordered four He 111G-5s. [34], The He 111 design quickly ran through a series of minor design revisions. [12], In the mid-1930s, Dornier Flugzeugwerke and Junkers competed with Heinkel for Ministry of Aviation (German: Reichsluftfahrtministerium, abbreviated RLM) contracts. Solo| Messerschmitt| Mopetta| The company also provided the Luftwaffe with an outstanding night fighter, the Heinkel He 219, which also suffered from politics and was produced only in limited numbers, but was the first Luftwaffe front-line aircraft to use retractable tricycle gear for its undercarriage design, and the world's first front-line military aircraft to use ejection seats. Bhler| [48], After the Battle of Britain, smaller scale production of the H-4s began. Its airframe was produced in Spain under licence by Construcciones Aeronuticas SA. [3] As the war progressed, the He 111 was used in a wide variety of roles on every front in the European theatre. The empty weight of the P-4 increased to 6,775kg (14,936lb), and the full takeoff weight increased to 13,500kg (29,800lb). Hermsen| The H-4 was virtually identical to the He 111P-4 with the DB 600s swapped for the Jumo 211D-1s. The Spanish supplemented the German-built He 111s still in service with licence-built CASA 2.111s from 1950. He decided that flight was the future of transportation, and the following year he built his first aircraft, working from a set of plans by Henri Farman. [10] During the second test flight Nitschke revealed there was insufficient longitudinal stability during climb and flight at full power and the aileron controls required an unsatisfactory amount of force. Die Zahl der Mitarbeiter stieg von etwa 1000 im Jahr 1932 auch durch den Betrieb weiterer Werke in Deutschland und im besetzten Polen und sterreich ber rund 9000 Mitte 1939 auf etwa 16.000 Ende 1944. P.1078 Though he fell into disfavour with the Nazis late in the war, he was arrested by the Allies and tried for war crimes; he was released after the trial. HD 56 To increase power, the five Jumo 211F-2 engines were intended to be fitted with Hirth TK 11 superchargers. [55], Other designs of the mid-H series included the He 111 H-7 and H-8. [30] Another 20 of the F-2 variant were built. The pods were released by parachute after takeoff. It could also remain airborne if the three central powerplants failed. [10] The Ju 86 had a higher cruising speed of 285km/h (177mph), 14km/h (9mph) faster than the He 111. Dezember 1922 die Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke Warnemnde. In July 1945 Heinkel was captured by American troops and held for possible exploitation and/or possible trial under Operation Dustbin, and was held for a time at Kransberg Castle, near Frankfurt. [5] Heinkel noted in his memoirs that his company's relationship with Japan in the 1920s led to decades of cooperation.[4]. Im Gegenzug garantierte das Luftwaffenverwaltungsamt hohe Abnahmepreise fr die Flugzeuge. Heinkel then opted to use Junkers Jumo engines, and the He 111 V6 was tested with Jumo 210 G engines, but was judged underpowered. [10] The Perle was a sophisticated cycle with a cast alloy unit frame, rear suspension, a fully enclosed chain with part of the chain enclosure integral with the swingarm, and interchangeable wheels. Leonhardt| 1 The aircraft was designed by Ernst Heinkel after Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain approached him with his own design and prototype centrifugal-flow engine. [73] Of these 21 Junkers Ju 87s, 74 Junkers Ju 188s, 3 Junkers Ju 388s and 18 Arado Ar 234s were built. HD 43 The He 111 was constantly upgraded and modified, but had nonetheless become obsolete by the latter part of the war. Updates? HD 33 HD 29 The ETC installations allowed for a further four 600L (130impgal; 160USgal) drop tanks to be installed. Heinkel's company Heinkel Flugzeugwerke produced the Heinkel He 178, the world's first turbojet aircraft and jet plane, and the Heinkel He 176, the first rocket aircraft. German factories built 1,155 H-16s between the end of 1942 and the end of 1943; in addition, 280 H-6s and 35 H-11s were updated to H-16 standard. Most of the interior ribs were not solid, with the exception of the ribs located between the rear main spar and the flaps and ailerons. As early as 1932, the Heinkel plants had become the largest industrial enterprise in Mecklenburg. ), German designer and builder of the first rocket-powered aircraft shortly before the outbreak of World War II. The jettisonable loads were capable of considerable variation. With the H-11, the Luftwaffe had at its disposal a powerful medium bomber with heavier armour and revised defensive armament. The radio was a standard FuG 10, TZG 10 and FuG 16Z for navigating to the target. Veritas| VW| He 113 Kurek| Some C variants were upgraded with the new wing modifications. Should either bright sunshine or rainstorms be encountered, the pilot's visibility could be dangerously compromised either by glare throwback or lack of good sighting. The He 111Z-2 could carry four Henschel Hs 293 anti-ship missiles, which were guided by the FuG 203b Kehl III missile control system. [35] The P-5 was also fitted with meteorological equipment, and was used in Luftwaffe weather units. The He 111Z-2 and Z-3 were also planned as heavy bombers carrying 1,800kg (4,000lb) of bombs and having a range of 4,000km (2,500mi). He 172 Perhaps the best-recognised German bomber of World War II due to the distinctive, extensively glazed "greenhouse" nose of the later versions, the Heinkel He 111 was the most numerous Luftwaffe bomber during the early stages of the war. Production in September 1944, the last production month for the He 111, included 118 bombers. V2 entered service with Deutsche Luft Hansa in 1936, along with six other newly built versions known as the He 111C. [23], The crews found the aircraft difficult to fly, and its top speed was reduced significantly. A manual pump was available in case of electrical or power failure but the delivery rate of just 4.5L (0.99impgal; 1.2USgal) per minute demanded that the pilot fly at the lowest possible speed and just below 3,048m (10,000ft). In 1981, Heinkel was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum. Heinkel began work on the new design, which garnered urgency as the American Lockheed 12, Boeing 247 and Douglas DC-2 began to appear. Von den folgenden Modellen 153 (Dreirad) und 154 (Vierrad), die ber einen greren Motor mit 200cm Hubraum verfgten, entstanden etwa 5500Fahrzeuge. It was to be powered by two Jumo 211A-1s, D-1s or F-2s. de Zeng, H.L., D.G. He 72 Kadett He 42 [27] This fleet was used as a transport group during the Demyansk Pocket and Battle of Stalingrad. German E-Cars| It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight, with the pioneering examples of a successful liquid-fueled rocket and a turbojet-powered aircraft in aviation history, with both Heinkel designs' first . Borgward| Though the later H-22 variant was given the 213E-1 engines, the 211F-2 remained the H-20's main power plant. If heavy external loads were added, the speed was reduced by 35km/h (22mph). Heinkel was passionate about high-speed flight, and was keen on exploring alternative forms of aircraft propulsion. The Japanese were due to receive 44 He 111Fs but in 1938 the agreement was cancelled.[73]. Die Gebude wurden spter durch das Fischkombinat Rostock zur Fischverarbeitung genutzt. It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight, with the pioneering examples of a successful liquid-fueled rocket and a turbojet-powered aircraft in aviation history, with both Heinkel designs' first . Bug| Baur| Staunau| The first single-engined He 70 Blitz ("Lightning") rolled off the line in 1932 and immediately started breaking records. [39], The He 111P incorporated the updated Daimler-Benz DB 601A-1 liquid-cooled engine and featured a newly designed nose section, including an asymmetric mounting for an MG 15 machine gun that replaced the 'stepped' cockpit with a roomier and more aerodynamic glazed stepless cockpit over the entire front of the aircraft. Stanket and E.J. [6] Heinkel Flugzeugwerke used forced Jewish labor, starting in 1941.[7]. The He 111P and subsequent production variants were fitted with fully glazed cockpits and a laterally asymmetric nose, with the port side having the greater curvature for the pilot, offsetting the bombardier to starboard. Some H-4s had their PVC racks modified to drop torpedoes. Bohse| Only a few of the pre-production J-0s were fitted with the powerplant, the DB 600 was used, performance deteriorated and the torpedo bomber was not pursued. As a young man he was apprenticed as machinist at a foundry. The navigator went forward to the prone bomb-aiming position or could tilt his chair to one side, to move into the rear of the aircraft. Saxxon| Auch am Standort Bleicherstrae wurden nach 1945 alle Produktionsanlagen demontiert. CCS(19832003)| In Krakow am See wurde beispielsweise in den Getreidehallen der mecklenburgischen Kleinstadt ein solches kleines Werk zum Bau von Flugzeugteilen fr 150 bis 200 Arbeiter errichtet. HD 46 The fuselage is not subdivided into individual segments, but is attached over its entire length, after completion, to the wing centre section. Mercedes-Benz| [27], The pre-production E-0 series were built in small numbers, with Jumo 211 A-1 engines loaded with retractable radiators and exhaust systems. Comtesse| HD 61 Die Flak sowie damalige Jagdflugzeuge waren bei Nacht wesentlich weniger effektiv bzw. These machines were built and entered service in early 1938. Ernst Heinrich Heinkel, (born Jan. 24, 1888, Grunbach, Ger.died Jan. 30, 1958, Stuttgart, W.Ger. Beispielsweise stammten die wassergekhlten Zweizylinder-Zweitaktmotoren der Maico-Kleinwagen und der Tempo-Lieferwagen von Heinkel. Heinkel's He 280, the firm's only twin-jet aircraft design to fly never reached production, however, since the RLM wanted Heinkel to concentrate on bomber production and instead promoted the development of the rival Messerschmitt Me 262. The port internal ESAC bomb racks could be removed and an 835L (184impgal; 221USgal) fuel tank installed. [65] With this load, the He 111Z had a range of 1,094km (680mi) and a speed of 314km/h (195mph). He 114 The Heinkel Kabine was a microcar designed by Heinkel Flugzeugwerke and built by them from 1956 to 1958. In early 1942, the photographic interpretation unit at RAF Medmenham first saw evidence of the existence of the 280 in aerial reconnaissance photographs taken after a bombing raid on the Rostock factory. Pilots had to look outside through the same bullet-like glazing that was used by the bombardier and navigator. While working at Heinkel, the engine first flew as the primary power of the Heinkel He 178 on 27 August 1939. Zunchst wurde alles noch irgendwie Brauchbare in den teilweise zerbombten Werksanlagen demontiert und als Reparation in die Sowjetunion gebracht. He 49 Zwar behielt er zwei Drittel des Gesellschaftskapitals, musste sich aber mit dem Posten eines Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden begngen. [35], The He 111's low-level performance attracted the interest of the Kriegsmarine. Owing to the uncertainty surrounding the delivery and availability of the DB 601 engines, Heinkel switched to 820kW (1,100hp) Junkers Jumo 211 powerplants, whose somewhat greater size and weight were regarded as unimportant considerations in a twin-engine design. HE 57 Heron Dornier| Kroboth| The wing was a two spar design. Advertisement India Today Web Desk New Delhi, UPDATED: Aug 27, 2018 16:10 IST The World's first German fighter jet Heinkel He-178. Maybach| In October 1938, the Junkers Central Administration commented: Apparent are the externally poor, less carefully designed components at various locations, especially at the junction between the empennage and the rear fuselage. It was used as a strategic bomber during the Battle of Britain, a torpedo bomber in the Atlantic and Arctic, and a medium bomber and a transport aircraft on the Western, Eastern, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and North African Front theatres. Heinkel and its licensees built 550 H-20s through the summer of 1944, while 586 H-6s were upgraded to H-20 standard. Citysax| ATW| Between 1921 and 1924, the Japanese government placed several orders with Heinkel's company, and helped him skirt the Versailles Treaty, which banned the construction of military aircraft in Germany, by informing the company of facility inspections by allied commissions in advance. Ernst Heinkel died in 1958 in Stuttgart. The Heinkel He 111 is a German airliner and bomber designed by Siegfried and Walter Gnter at Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in 1934. [73] The aircraft were crated up and transported by sea. He 119 HD 16 They were designated H-8, but later named H8/R2. Heute beherbergt das Gebude der ehemaligen Lehrwerkstatt die Kulturbhne Moya, einen beliebten Veranstaltungsort. The Heinkel He 178 was the world's first turbojet powered aircraft, which flew on August 27, 1939. The H-5 also carried LM A and LM B aerial mines for anti-shipping operations. [10], By the end of 1935, prototypes V2 and V4 had been produced under civilian registrations D-ALIX, D-ALES and D-AHAO. HD 44 Empty weight was 6,900kg (15,200lb) and the aircraft weighed 14,000kg (31,000lb) fully loaded for take off. [57] Many H-11s were equipped with a new PVC rack under the fuselage, which carried five 250kg (550lb) bombs. In 1959, Heinkel's company was sued by Edmund Bartl for being enriched by slave labor during World War II, however, the German Supreme Court dismissed his claims for filing too late and ordered Bartl to pay court costs and attorney's fees.[8]. [11][12] As with most mopeds, it had a two-stroke engine with a displacement of 50cc that operated on a mixture of gasoline and lubrication oil. [13], Between the forward and rear bulkhead was the bomb bay, which was constructed with a double-frame to strengthen it for carrying the bomb load. Early life April 1943 bis Mai 1945, Entwicklung des ersten Turbostrahltriebwerks (He S 3) unter der Leitung von. [13], The control systems also had some innovations. However, the DB 600Ga engine with 781kW (1,047hp) planned for this variant was instead allocated to Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Bf 110 production lines. Kersting| P.1073 E-Wolf| [25] The B-1 had some minor improvements, including the installation of a revolving gun mount in the nose and a flexible Ikaria turret under the fuselage. Spatz| The Jumo 211 F-1 engine of 1,007kW (1,350hp) increased its speed while the defensive armament was upgraded at the factory with one 20mm (0.79in) MG FF cannon in the nose and/or gondola positions (optional), two MG 15 in the ventral gondola, and one each of the fuselage side windows. HE 1 City-El| Auerdem gab es Fertigungen in Lbz, Rvershagen, Ribnitz und Barth. The type had been lengthened by 1.2m (3ft 11in)) due to the extra 7.92mm (0.312in) MG 15 machine gun in the nose. [6] Heinkel was forced initially to use the 650hp (480kW) BMW VI "upright" V12 liquid-cooled engine.[9]. The Museum's Heinkel He 162A-1, werke number 120077, was built in February/March of 1945 at the Heinkel Aircraft Factory at Rostock/Marienehe, Germany. Ernst Heinkel grndete am 1. [71][72] The Ju 88 production figures were even higher still, exceeding 3,000 in 1942, of which 2,270 were bomber variants. During the war, British test pilot Eric Brown evaluated many Luftwaffe aircraft. The main competitor to the Heinkel was the Junkers Ju 86. He 170 The H-7 was never built. Weidner| HD 27 Karabag| These remained in service until 1973. Manufacturer: Heinkel Flugzeugwerke Year: Replica based on 1939 aircraft Model: He 100D-1 Registration Number: Serial Number: Crew: 1 Max T/O Weight: 5,512 lb. The controls themselves and essential equipment were all that remained in the starboard section. Because his firm had been dissolved, he began a new company in 1950 to manufacture bicycles, motorbikes, and midget autos. 1936 begannen die Arbeiten an der Errichtung eines neuen Heinkel-Zweigwerkes in Oranienburg. He 211 The maximum bombload was 7,200kg (15,900lb). Bitter| Fend| [41], The new design was powered by the DB 601 Ba engine with 1,175 PS[27] The first production aircraft reached Luftwaffe units in Fall 1938. The aircraft had a crew of seven; a pilot, first mechanic, radio operator and gunner in the port fuselage, and the observer, second mechanic and gunner in the starboard fuselage. The firm's headquarters was in Rostock later known as Heinkel-Nord (Heinkel-North), located in what used to be named the Rostock-Marienehe neighborhood (today's Rostock-Schmarl community, along the west bank of the Unterwarnow estuary), where the firm additionally possessed a factory airfield along the coastline in the Rostock/Schmarl neighborhood roughly three kilometers (1.9 miles) north-northwest of the main offices, with a second Heinkel-Sd engineering and manufacturing facility in Schwechat, Austria, after the Anschluss in 1938. The long-range variants failed to come to fruition. Heinkel He 178: Meet the World's First Turbojet Aircraft Heinkel Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel.It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight.. History . He 115 Sie hatten dabei gezielt Industriebetriebe im Visier. The total fuel capacity was 8,570L (1,890impgal; 2,260USgal). Frhe Typen: He 71 Bis 1990 nutzte die ehemalige Schiffswerft Neptun die Hallen. [17], The first prototypes were underpowered, as they were equipped with 431kW (578hp) BMW VI 6.0 V12 in-line engines. He 231 Am Standort Oranienburg existieren heute noch unter anderem die Werkssiedlung Weie Stadt (Architekt Herbert Rimpl), Teile des Werksflughafens sowie der Ort Leegebruch, der eigens fr die Arbeiter des Flugzeugwerkes gebaut wurde. To simplify production the leading edge of the wing was straightened, like the bomber version. Comminication| Some also used the Jumo 211H-1. [44], The P-6 variant was the last production model of the He 111 P series. Nevertheless, 24 machines of the F-1 series were exported to Turkey. External bomb racks blocked the internal bomb bay. Through development, it was described as a "wolf in sheep's clothing". After the war he organized (1922) the Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in Warnemnde, where he built the He 70, which set eight world speed records in the early 1930s; the He 176, first aircraft to fly successfully with reaction motors; the He 178, first turbojet-powered aircraft; and the He 111 and He 162, widely used by Germanys air force during World War II. [73] Towards the end of 1944, 12 He 111 Hs were delivered. HE 2 HD 63 Heinkel Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. [10], Constance Babington-Smith,"Air Spy," Ballantine Books, NY, 1957, p. 175, Wilson, H. "The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle" p. 77 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995, "The Heinkel Catapult on the S.S. BREMEN", "Use of Prisoners in the aircraft industry (translated)", V/STOL Fighter Programs in Germany: 1956-1975, Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1956 Heinkel Kabine, Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1963 Trojan 200, Biker Szene Interview with Ernst Heinkel's Son, CycleMaster PAGE 10. 30 March 1939: At 5:25 p.m., Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke GmbH test pilot Hans Dieterle, flying a high-performance prototype fighter, the Heinkel He 100 V8, D-IDGH, entered a measured 3 kilometer course near the factory's airfield at Oranienberg, Germany. The aircraft was assigned in April 1945 to II/JG-1 "Oesau" at Leck Airfield in Holstein, Germany and was assigned the code number . The firm of Hellmuth Walter, at Kiel, handled this development. The airframes were to be rebuilds of the H-3/H-5 variant. RMA| The armament consisted of three defensive MG 15 machine guns. Both three and four wheeled versions were offered, occupants got in and out of the car through the front opening door, and the cars had a fabric roof that offered an emergency exit if the door was jammed shut in a traffic accident. [56] The H-10 was also designated to trainer duties. According to other sources, China got only six He 111 K (export version of He 111 A), delivered in 1936. HE 58 Michalak| Pinguin| [26] The He 111B-3 was a modified trainer. It first flew in 1928 but initial flight tests showed disappointing aircraft, so the plane was returned to its manufacturer and fitted with a BMW VI engine as well as a new radiator, thus being redesignated HD 33a. [42] The P-1 featured a semi-retractable tail wheel to decrease drag. [42], Many of the He 111 Ps served during the Polish Campaign. Neckar| Weineck| HD 49 The column had an extension arm fitted and had the ability to be swung over to the starboard side in case the pilot was incapacitated. HE 7 Heinkel introduced the "Tourist" motor scooter in the 1950s which was known for its reliability. It was followed by the two-engine Heinkel He 111 Doppel-Blitz, which became a mainstay of the Luftwaffe during World War II as a bomber. [4] Kesselring convinced Heinkel to move his factory from Warnemnde to Rostock with its factory airfield in the coastal "Marienehe" region of Rostock (today "Rostock-Schmarl") and bring in mass production, with a force of 3,000 employees. Das neue Werk wurde zum modernsten Flugzeugwerk Europas und avancierte schnell zum Stammwerk der Heinkelwerke. This was increased by adding four 600L (130impgal; 160USgal) drop tanks. Alpina| Es verfgte ber einen eigenen Werksflugplatz mit fnf befestigten Start- und Landebahnen. The left and right powerplants are interchangeable. Durch den Kriegseintritt der USA 1941 wurden Luftangriffe von US-Bombern auch tagsber durchgefhrt. The B-0s were powered by DB 600C engines fitted with variable pitch airscrews. ARI| Westfalia| However 1,000kg (2,200lb) "Hermann" or 1,800kg (4,000lb) "Satans" were used more widely. Lotec| Burgert| [4] Kesselring was head of the Luftwaffe Administration Office: at that point Germany did not have a State Aviation Ministry but only an aviation commissariat, the Luftfahrtkommissariat. [71][72] But the Ju 88 still outnumbered it in production terms as its figures reached 2,160 for 1943. Gemballa| [6], Heinkel introduced the "Kabine" bubble car in 1956. Amphicar| AWS(19701974)| [21] The G-0 was given the BMW VI 6.0 ZU. The failure of the German Bomber B project forced the Luftwaffe to continue operating the He 111 in combat roles until the end of the war. [73] A further 80 P-1s were ordered but only 13 arrived. Treser| As these external racks blocked the internal bomb bay doors, a combination of internal and external storage was not possible. The design was originally conceived to tow the Messerschmitt Me 321 glider. The dorsal position could move the 13mm (0.51in) MG 131 machine gun 40 laterally, but the ventral Bola-mount 7.92mm (0.312in) twinned MG 81Z machine guns could be moved 45 laterally.
Taylor Daily Press Obituaries,
Delphi Technique Of Hr Demand Forecasting,
1901 Miller Rd East Petersburg, Pa 17520,
Articles H