J.B. Nonetheless, he reminds us of their origins at certain moments, such as at the very beginning of this concerto, where the horns play hunting calls. However, in the closing section of the first movement, the harpsichord takes over entirely, presenting a frenzied cadenza which all but forsakes the principal motives and melodies. Lowell Greer, Michigan, 1981; after Anonymous, Vienna, circa 1750. Rather than the otherwise customary adagio, the second movement has been condensed to a mere transitional section, in which the harpsichord plays two chords of a Phrygian cadence, ending on the dominant, almost as a question. Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 6 | Claudio Abbado & the Orchestra Randy Cook, Basel, 2004; after Jonathan Bradbury, London, circa 1720. (no tempo indication)2. Previously keyboard instruments had only been accompanists in the orchestra, whereas here, not only is the harpsichord elevated to soloist, but it gradually becomes the dominant soloist in the first movement. Elly Winer For the second, we utilize a chamber organ rather than a harpsichord (chamber organs were a very popular continuo instrument for secular as well as sacred music, and provide a highly complementary timbre to the solo trumpet); an 8 G violone is used, since the violoncello and continuo line are often an octave apart, meaning that the use of a 16 instrument would cause a two-octave separation between it and the cello. It has been suggested that Bach's peculiar designation may refer to the way the solo instruments echo the orchestra in the second movement, even though the violin also joins in the echos. Reid Galbraith; after J. C. Hoffmann circa 1714. COVID-19 Safety Policy:Detailed information can be foundHERE; policy subject to change. 1 in F major, BWV 1046 - IV. These are supported by a continuo accompaniment of violone and harpsichord. In this third concerto, the most striking theatrical effect grows out of its scoring. (In 1950, at a time when this high trumpet part was still considered nearly unplayable, Pablo Casals made an inspired recording of it by substituting a soprano saxophone for the trumpet.). Most important among these was the use of ritornello form as a structural principle. 1 in F Major, BWV 1046: I. . Bachs original title, Six Concerts with Various Instruments, describes exactly what is special about these concerts; the varied use of several instruments with different strings, wind instruments, or solo harpsichord for the concertini.Watch the other 5 Brandenburg Concertos with Abbado and the Orchestra Mozart:https://youtu.be/NWEHKTyaVc0https://youtu.be/VC24gV1o7XQhttps://youtu.be/Czsd13Mmcg0https://youtu.be/tp_WeHUKoXMhttps://youtu.be/gIgqeA76cdUThe Orchestra Mozart was founded in 2004 to afford talented young musicians the opportunity to play in a world-class orchestra, with world-class conductors. Menuet20:47 - Brandenburg Concerto no. 5 in D, BWV 1050. 4:43 6 Don't miss this documentary with the internationally acclaimed pianist and Bach expert Robert Levin providing additional knowledge about the Brandenburg Concertos: https://goo.gl/dH2EiQSoloist: Daniela Helm - violino piccoloRecorded at the Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Cthen, 23-26 March 2000Directed by Hans Hadulla, Produced by Isabel IturriagagoitiaExecutive Producers: Paul Smaczny \u0026 Bernd Hellthaler** This is an affiliate link Affiliate links are links for which - according to their measurable success - a commission is paid. Listen to Bach: Brandenburg Concertos - Orchestral Suites by Sir Neville Marriner on Apple Music. Debra Nagy Allegro 4:48 4 Entertainment & Arts Commentary: It's been a year to rethink Bach's 'Brandenburg' Concertos A scene from choreographer Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker's "The Six Brandenburg Concertos" at Opra. With the final movement we hear yet another interpretation of the concerto style: the opening ritornello is essentially a fugue, the subject of which can subsequently be used in a variety of ways. The string section of the orchestra includes a solo violino piccolo tuned a minor third higher than the normal violin. 6 in B-flat Major, BWV 1051, December 31, 2022 & January 1, 2023Calderwood Studio at GBH, Boston, MA Sanders Theater, Cambridge, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, Purchase Boston Baroques recording of The Complete Brandenburg Concertos on Amazon, Branding and websiteby Kees Bakker Studio, Purchase Boston Baroques recording of The Complete. Finally the string players, who have waited silently (a bit of stage drama not felt on an audio recording! 4, 5 & 6 by The English Concert & Trevor Pinnock on Apple Music. 3 in G, BWV 1048. For the four repetitions of the menuet itself, all the instruments are combined into a single orchestral sonority. After the next refrain, the two recorders take over again, but they are soon trumped by the violin, which steals the show in a whirlwind of dizzying notes. In fact, most of these concertos did not fit the make-up of the Margrave's personal band, whereas the ensemble that Bach was then directing at the court of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cthen would have been well suited for these concertos. All four are high instruments, and, together with the relatively transparent orchestral sound in much of the work, they give this concerto an unusually light texture. 6 in B-flat major, BWV 1051 - II. For the fourth, a harpsichord and lute; a 16 violone is used (normal tuning with D1 as the lowest string). Carla Moore Elaine Thornburgh 1 in F Major, BWV 1046: IV. PrestoConcerto n5 in D major BWV 105013. John Pringle, North Carolina, 1992; after Ernst Busch, Nrnberg, circa 1640. 1 in F, BWV 1046: II. Allegro11. Affettuoso14:59 III. Visit our free online treasury for more videos and background material http://allofbach.com/en/. Brandenburg Concertos. Bach: Brandenburg Concertos; Orchestral Suites - AllMusic Tekla Cunningham 6 in B flat major, BWV1051 Bach, J S: Brandenburg Concertos Nos. John Boden The Brandenburgs grow out of Bach's long fascination with the latest concertos of Vivaldi and other Italian composers, and they are often cited as the culmination of that genre, but they are more than a summation. 2 in F major, BWV 1047- I. Near the end of the first movement, the harpsichord figuration accelerates to 32nd notes, as the orchestra gradually slows down. Bachs original title, Six Concerts with Various Instruments, describes exactly what is special about these concerts; the varied use of several instruments with different strings, wind instruments, or solo harpsichord for the concertini.Watch the other 5 Brandenburg Concertos with Abbado and the Orchestra Mozart:https://youtu.be/NWEHKTyaVc0https://youtu.be/VC24gV1o7XQhttps://youtu.be/tp_WeHUKoXMhttps://youtu.be/gIgqeA76cdUhttps://youtu.be/_tr_uYEQkrsThe Orchestra Mozart was founded in 2004 to afford talented, young musicians the opportunity to play in a world-class orchestra, with world-class conductors. 1 in F, BWV 1046: I. 1 in F, BWV 1046 J.S. 3 in G major, BWV 1048, at the Teatro Municipale Valli in Re. Jrgen Ahrend, Germany, 1975. The piece thus plays on the concepts of repetition and light and shade. [Allegro]", "Brandenburg Concerto No. The three distinct groupsviolins, violas, and violoncellos (joined, of course, by the basso continuo)conflate the roles of solo and ripieno, sustaining a harmonic fullness amid the contrapuntal interaction. Adagio3. It is a concerto for strings, with an ensemble that contrasts three trios -- three violins, three violas and three cellos -- the high, middle and low registers of the violin family. 5 in D major, BWV 1050 - II. Claude Boivin, Paris, 1746. AllegroTags: classical music, classical music for studying, bach, brandenburg concertos, baroque music#classicalmusic #bach #brandenburg John Butt ViolinoElizabeth BlumenstockKatherine Kyme, Viola da gambaMary SpringfelsSergei Istomin, Concerto in A Minor for Four Harpsichords, BWV 1065, HarpsichordJohn Butt, IPhebe Craig, IIJonathan Dimmock, IIIJeffrey Thomas, IV. They go well beyond their models in their structure and instrumentation. In the subsequent years, he could be seen on the worlds great concert stages; in Milan, London, and Chicago. Indeed there are only a few places where it is entirely absent. The products that we advertise here can of course also be purchased elsewhere. 1 in F Major, BWV 1046: II. For a gateway into the world of Baroque music you can do no better than Bach's 'Brandenburg' Concertos. 3 In G Major: Allegro 4. 4 in G, BWV 1049: I. Allegro", "Brandenburg Concerto No. As we would expect from a concerto, Bach does contrast solo and tutti groups of instruments, but he must do so with minimal resources, since this work is really for a chamber ensemble. 5 in D major, BWV 10500:13 I. Alle. The trumpet and the orchestra are tacet. Derek Conrod Apollo's Fire, Jeannette Sorrell - Bach: Brandenburg Concertos As musical motives pass from one trio to another, or, within the trios, from one soloist to another, we hear (and see, in a live performance) a physical movement of the musical line. Johann Sebastian Bach About 1719, when Bach traveled to Berlin to order a new harpsichord, he performed for Christian Ludwig, who was quite impressed and soon commissioned several works. This gives the work the character of a French suite, something which would doubtless have flattered the Francophile tastes of the Margrave. Concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach; The Six Brandenburg Concertos. In 1729, he used the first movement as the opening sinfonia of his cantata, BWV 174, adding yet another trio of three oboes, as well as two horns to the orchestra. 1. John Thiessen From the \"Spiegelsaal\" Castle Cthen (Schlo Kthen)Freiburger BarockorchesterChapters:0:00 Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. J. S. Bach - Brandenburg Concertos - YouTube The second movement is essentially a sonata trio, an example of the close relation between concerto and sonata genres. Stream songs including "Brandenburg Concerto No. Klaus Jacobsen, London, 1982; copy of Matteo Sellas, Venice, circa 1630. Adagio (2021 Remastered Version) 5:05 3 Ricardo Kanji & Jacqueline Sorel, The Hague, 1993; copy of J. Denner, Musikhistorisk Museum Copenhagen, 1720. Brandenburg Concerto No. And so it continues.Recorded on May 19th 2015 at Felix Meritis, Amsterdam. Jrg-Michael Schwarz Sire: Since I had the happiness of playing at the command of Your Royal Highness a few years ago, and I saw that you took some pleasure in the small talents for music that Heaven has given me, and that, in taking leave of Your Royal Highness, you did me the honor of asking that I send you several of my compositions: therefore, following your gracious command, I take the liberty of offering my most humble respects to Your Royal Highness with the present concertos, which I have arranged for several instruments. 3 in G major, BWV 1048 - III. Disc 1 1 Brandenburg Concerto No. 1 in F major, BWV 1046 - III. Mary Springfels 5 in D, BWV 1050. Mark Maslow Bach: Brandenburg Concertos; Orchestral Suites; Concertos - AllMusic Bachs concerto transcriptions for keyboard arose during his employment as organist, and later Kapellmeister, at the ducal court of Weimar. Brandenburg Concertos, BWV 1046-51 (Bach, Johann Sebastian) Concertmaster Lenora-Marya Anop will lead the Bach Society Orchestra in a rare performance of all six instrumental masterpieces presented in one afternoon. David Daniel Bowes Adagio ma non tanto05:44 III. Johann Sebastian Bach wrote his fifth Brandenburg Concerto, BWV 1050.2 (formerly 1050), for harpsichord, flute and violin as soloists, and an orchestral accompaniment consisting of strings and continuo.An early version of the concerto, BWV 1050.1 (formerly 1050a), originated in the late 1710s. Although Bachs indications call only generically for continuo, or at times most specifically violone e cembalo, a continuo group can include any one or several of the typical bass line and realizing instruments, including the harpsichord, organ, lute, violoncello, bassoon, violone, and contrabass. A decade later, in the 1730s, when Bach was transcribing a number of his earlier concertos for harpsichord, he reworked this piece, substituting a solo harpsichord for the violin and transposing the piece down a whole step to F major. Intermediate returns of portions of the ritornello give the movement a sense of architecture, something to provide pillars between the episodes. Peter de Koningh, Hall Netherlands, 1986; copy of Prudent, Paris, circa 1770. Affettuoso in B minor1:20:09 - Brandenburg Concerto no. [no tempo indication]39:29 - Brandenburg Concerto no. Lisa Weiss We think the fifths cembalo concertato stands by itself; a 16 violone is used (normal tuning with D1 as the lowest string). Stephen Hammer J S Bach: Brandenburg Concertos & Orchestral Suites Allegro14. From the "Spiegelsaal" Castle Cthen (Schlo Kthen)Freiburger BarockorchesterChapters:0:00 Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. Such generic ambiguity is enhanced when a concerto such as this employs single instruments: the concerto becomes more intimate without losing its public perspective. Bach's use of horns in this concerto is remarkable. As hunting instruments, they had been employed on special occasions to depict hunting scenes, but this concerto is one of the earliest works to use horns as regular members of the orchestra. Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D major, BWV 1050 - YouTube Cleveland's phenomenal early music ensemble Apollo's Fire ought to be proud of its 2010 double-disc release of J.S. Marilyn Boenau Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. Johann Gottlob Pfretzfehner, 1791. The concerts were, however, likely composed between 1718 and 1721, for Bachs Kthener Hofkappelle. Section 3/Balcony: $25 (no elevator access), Student: $10 (available at the door on the day of the performance). [no tempo indication]1:33:16 - Brandenburg Concerto No. Johan Sebastian Bach's Brandenburg Concertos are classical music standouts for numerous reasons. Commentary: Rethinking Bach's 'Brandenburg' Concertos in 2021 - Los Brandenburg Concerto No. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, EnglandMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordDaniel Stepner, violinSandra Miller, flute, November 9, 1987Plymouth State College, Plymouth, NHMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordJennifer Moreau, violinDouglas Worthen, flute, February 14, 1987Sturbridge Village, Sturbridge, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordJane Starkman, violinChristopher Krueger, flute, January 1, 1987Sanders Theater, Cambridge, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, January 26, 1986Our Saviors Lutheran Church, East Boston, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, January 22, 1986Our Saviors Lutheran Church, East Boston, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, July 28, 1985deCordova Museum, Lincoln, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, July 25, 1985King Ridge, New London, NHMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordJane Starkman, violinFenwick Smith, flute, July 21, 1985Southern Vermont Art Center, Manchester, VTMartin Pearlman, conductor, July 7, 1985Charlestown Navy Yard, Charlestown, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, March 5, 1985Baylor University, Waco, TXMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordLinda Laderach, violinChristopher Krueger, flute, February 26, 1985Troy Music Hall, Troy, NYMartin Pearlman, conductor, February 23, 1985Palace Civic Center, Lorain, OHMartin Pearlman, conductor, February 22, 1985Olean High School Auditorium, Olean, NYMartin Pearlman, conductor, February 3, 1985Essex Junction Auditorium, Essex Junction, VTMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordWilma Smith, violinSand Dalton, oboe, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordDaniel Stepner, violinNancy Joyce, flute, September 29, 1983Unicorn Park, Woburn, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordStephen Marvin, violinNancy Joyce, flute, July 10, 1983Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, INMartin Pearlman, conductor, November 3, 1982State Street Church, Portsmouth, NHMartin Pearlman, conductor, November 1, 1982Bay Chamber Concerts, Rockport, MEMartin Pearlman, conductor, April 30, 1982Chandler Music Hall, Randolph, VTMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordAnthony Martin, violinNancy Joyce, flute, February 28, 1982Boston Athenaeum, Boston, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, February 6, 1981NECs Jordan Hall, Boston, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, August 6, 1980King Ridge, New London, NHMartin Pearlman, conductor, July 23, 1980Prescott Park, Portsmouth, NHMartin Pearlman, conductor, April 15, 1980Brown University, Providence, RIMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordDaniel Stepner, violinCarol Epple, flute, August 8, 1979deCordova Museum, Lincoln, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordLinda Cummiskey, violinNancy Joyce, flute, April 7, 1979Cornell University, Ithaca, NYMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordJeanne Lamon, violinCarol Epple, flute, December 5, 1978Kings Chapel, Boston, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, May 8, 1977Rockport Opera House, Rockport, MEMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordCarol Epple, flute, November 7, 1975deCordova Museum, Lincoln, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, Soloists:Martin Pearlman, harpsichordLinda Cummiskey, violinCarol Epple, flute, March 28, 1974University Lutheran Church, Cambridge, MAMartin Pearlman, conductor, Brandenburg Concerto No. Timothy Johnson, Indiana, 1999; after Nicola Gagliano, Naples, 1785. Bach Brandenburg Concertos 1 - 6, Claudio Abbado harpsichordVal 33.6K subscribers Subscribe 27K 4.5M views 8 years ago J.S. The American Bach Soloists gratefully acknowledge Dr. and Mrs. Paul Ogden and Dr. and Mrs. Kwei for their financial support of this recording. On the other hand, it may date from early in Bach's time at Cthen (1717); Prince Leopold, his new employer, was an amateur gambist, and the relatively limited gamba parts in this concerto could perhaps have been meant to give Leopold a chance to play with the ensemble. 3 in G Major (BWV 1048), complete, performed on original instruments by the Early Music ensemble Voices of Music.Please subscribe to our channel https://www.youtube.com/VoicesofMusic/?sub_confirmation=1In March of 1721, Johann Sebastian Bach carefully inked six of his best concertos into a book for the Margrave of Brandenburg, Christian Ludwig. For concert dates and further information go to https://www.bachvereniging.nl/nederlandse-bachvereniging. The longer and more famous version has far more than the free ornamental display of a normal cadenza. Which instruments are the real soloists?. 6 in B-flat major, BWV 1051, at the Teatro Municipale Valli in Reggio Emilia, . From the "Spiegelsaal" Castle Cthen (Schlo Kthen)Freiburger Barockorchester0:35 I. Allegro4:40 II. Instead, violas, viols, cellos, double bass and harpsichord alone fill this sixth of the Brandenburg Concertos.00:00 I. Allegro06:00 II. Brandenburg Concerto No.1 in F major, BWV 1046 - IMSLP Bach's Groundbreaking 'Brandenburg Concertos': Masterpiece Guide The Sixth Brandenburg Concerto has the darkest sound of any of the six concertos, for here Bach completely omits the violins and leaves the highest sounds to the middle-range violas. Levin & Ross, New Jersey, 1991; after Eichentopf, Leipzig, circa 1725. Don't miss this documentary with the internationally acclaimed pianist and Bach expert Robert Levin providing additional knowledge about the Brandenburg Concertos: https://goo.gl/dH2EiQSoloists:Karl Kaiser: transverse flute / flte traversireGottfried von der Goltz: violin / violonMichael Behringer: harpsichord / clavecinRecorded at the Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Cthen, 23-26 March 2000Directed by Hans Hadulla, Produced by Isabel IturriagagoitiaExecutive Producers: Paul Smaczny \u0026 Bernd Hellthaler** This is an affiliate link Affiliate links are links for which - according to their measurable success - a commission is paid. Interestingly the tempo of the last movement, marked presto in the original Brandenburg Concerto, was slowed down a bit in the harpsichord version to allegro assai. Adagio ma non tanto10:47 III. On 24 March 2021, we're celebrating the . Katherine Kyme Bach: Brandenburg Concertos - AllMusic The transfer of the idiom from the orchestral originals to keyboard, whether organ or harpsichord, radically narrowed the range of contrast possible between the opposing sonorities, but it still afforded ample experience in manipulating the formal and technical devices of the Italians. Discover our selection of the best Bach works featuring 10 masterpieces including the Brandenburg Concertos and The Well-Tempered Clavier. Dominik Zuchowicz, Ottawa, Canada, 1990; after Gofriller, Venice, 1699. Thus the expected contrast of ritornello and episode is replaced by frequent contrasts of instrumentation, the fuller expositions of the subject providing the tutti sonority usually associated with the ritornello. Allegro1:25:41 - Brandenburg Concerto No. Presented by Tad and Catherine Edwards in memory of William Chandler. The third group comprises two horns, which together act much like a third soloist, along with the violino piccolo and oboe. Jolianne von Einem Anonymous, Tyrol, circa 1750. Bach combines the solo instruments in various ways, and displays both their potential for successful cooperation and their individual virtuosity (the high tromba parts in the outer movements are particularly impressive). While the da capo form of the final movement originated in the aria genre and the gigue-like idiom came from the dance, the elaborated repetitions of the opening phrases relate to some of the oldest instrumental idioms in which the players traditionally provided elaborated divisions over a given melody. The original title, \"Six Concerts plusieurs instruments\" is now known as the \"Brandenburg\" Concertos in English or \"Brandenburgische Konzerte\" in German.These six concertos represent the summa of chamber music in the high baroque period, and the third concerto (BWV 1048) is noted for its rich texture of three violins, three violas and three cellos, with a continuo part for the harpsichord and violone. 1 in F Major, BWV 1046: III. What distinguishes this concerto from the other five is the addition of five dance movements (the first of which, Menuetto, alternates with the remaining four). ." Giovanni Grancino, Milan, 1725. 1 in F Major, BWV 1046: II. While there are three solo instruments--two recorders and a violin--pitted against the larger ensemble, it is the violin with its difficult passage work which dominates in the fast movements. Andante" and more. In the later version, the added third movement helps transform the music from a sinfonia into a concerto form. Adagio 5:34 III. Desiderio Quercetani, Parma, 1995; after Stradivarius. 4 in G major, performed by the Netherlands Bach Society for All of Bach, Bach is continually misleading us. Given the finished quality of the manuscript that Bach presented to the Margrave of Brandenburg, there is no reason to suppose that anything else is meant to be supplied here, other than perhaps a connecting flourish between the two chords. The products that we advertise here can of course also be purchased elsewhere. Thomas Cole, England, 1678. H. A. Vas Dias, Georgia, 2002; after T. Stanesby Sr., London, 1700. And - as the dances show - he was not afraid to adopt a lighter texture when it suited the style of the musical genre. While the three soloists play thematic material, the constant eighth notes in the continuo bass gently propel the piece forward. Never, in fact, was he to better his achievement here, and each concerto seems exhaustively to exploit a different aspect of the genre: no two share the same instrumentation. Performances Commercial ( 0) . [Allegro]", "Brandenburg Concerto No. David Coomber, Utrecht, 1983; copy of J. Denner, Musikhistorisk Museum Copenhagen, 1720. The Orchestra Mozart performs Johann Sebastian Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. Steven Lehning Show more Show more J.S.. Bach: Brandenburg Concertos Hkan Hardenberger (trumpet), Irene Grafenauer (flute), Eckart Haupt (flute), Maurice Bourgue (oboe), Thorsten Rosenbusch (violin), Simon Preston (organ) Kammerorchester C.Ph.E Bach, Peter Schreier Catalogue No: 4349182 Label: Philips Length: 2 hours 10 minutes 2 Presto CDs $23.00 Usually despatched in 2 - 3 working days The first of the Brandenburg Concertos has the fullest, most complex orchestral sound of any of the six. In the subsequent years, he could be seen on the worlds great concert stages, in Milan, London, and Chicago. The stirring character of Bach's music is presented by Claudio Abbado and the Orchestra Mozart with such conviction that the musicians appear almost as if they are completely outside of time and space. The Fifth Brandenburg Concerto dates from the Kthen era, and presents a somewhat unlikely trio of soloists: the violin is usual enough, but the transverse flute was a very new instrument in German orchestras in 1721, an import from the trend-setting court of France. There is a good deal of theater in a live performance of these concertos. J.B. As Johann Sebastian Bach went to some trouble indeed to provide the Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg with a stunning assortment of unique orchestrations in these six Brandenburg concertos, we seize the opportunity to instill even more variety in these timeless works by varying the colors of the only part of Bachs orchestra that is available to such an indulgence: the basso continuo.
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